Improved synthesis of seven aromatic Baylis–Hillman adducts (BHA): evaluation against Artemia salina Leach. and Leishmania chagasi

Abstract

We described a very efficient procedure to prepare seven aromatic compounds (1–7), a new class of antileishmanial substances, through Baylis–Hillman reaction (BHR). With one, all the Baylis–Hillman adducts were prepared in quantitative yields by reaction of the corresponding aromatic aldehydes in acrylonitrile at 0 °C in only 10–40 min reaction time. We present our results about the toxicities of these compounds evaluated on the microcrustaceous Artemia salina Leach. and against promastigote Leishmania chagasi. All substances evaluated in this work have showed high bioactivity. The 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-(4-bromopheny)propanenitrile (4) (LC50 = 30.9 μg/mL on A. salina; IC50 = 25.2 μM on L. chagasi) was the most active compound evaluated on A. salina Leach. and on promastigote L. chagasi. The 2-[hydroxy(pyridin-4-yl)methyl]acrylonitrile (7) (LC50 = 30.9 μg/mL on A. salina Leach.; IC50 = 4.8 μg/mL on L. chagasi) was also a very active substance evaluated in this work on promastigote L. chagasi.