Avaliação in vivo dos implantes porosos de cimento alfa-fosfato tricálcico e polímeros obtidos por diferentes processos de fabricação

Abstract

The ideal bone substitute material should be biocompatible, osteoinductive, osteoconductive, resorbable, malleable, synthetically fabricable, storable, re-sterilizable, and cost-effective. Although different materials have been studied and applied for bone reconstruction procedures, none has met all requirements mentioned. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the behavior and the biocompatibility of dual setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement (α- TCPdp) implant, α-TCP with addition of Poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic-acid)/Poly(isoprene) (α-TCPdp + PLGA/PI), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polyamide (PA) in rabbit jaw. The polymers showed higher mean amounts of neoformed bone, with significant differences when compared to alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement implants. The number of blood vessels was similar between the implants, with the exception of α-TCPdp + PLGA/PI (less quantity) and the PA (greater quantity) in the 60-day postoperative period. The polymers differed from each other only in the initial period (30 days), in which the ABS had a greater amount of bone tissue. Concerning the cements, they behaved similarly in all evaluation protocols throughout the experimental periods (30, 60 and 120 days after surgery). In the evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was observed replacement of the biomaterial of the alpha-tricalcium phosphate implants by bone tissue and filling of the ABS and PA pores by compact bone neoformation and portions of secondary bone. The implants proved to be biocompatible, osteoconductive and osteointegrated. In addition to these characteristics, α-TCPdp and α-TCPdp + PLGA/PI presented themselves as osteoinducers, with degradation of their structures as new bone was deposited along their surfaces. Therefore, the evaluated implants have potential for clinical use.