A influência do modelo neoliberal na educação superior do Chile (1990-2020).

Abstract

This monograph aims to study the influence of neoliberal thinking on higher education in Chile from 1990 to 2020. It analyzes the experience of Chile in the educational context, criticizing the neoliberal model. The methodology used is the bibliographical research of qualitative nature, secondary data, reports, in a historical and critical analysis having as references Milton Friedman and the School of Chicago, World Bank, IMF, observing points of this current of economic thought for the educational policy of Chile. It is important to emphasize that the Chilean higher education system is the result of the era of neoliberal hegemony, which originated the legislation responsible for the guidelines of education in the country. This stems from the conception of this current of thought, advocated by Friedrich von Hayek in 1945, which advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, after the decline of the then dominant Keynesian thought. In the 1980s several countries, including Latin Americans, were in debt due to macroeconomic crises. In Chile, with the end of the dictatorship, the government that was democratically elected, in addition to promoting the continuity of educational programs implemented in the military period, also deepened such programs, authorizing subsidized private establishments to require tuition from their students. Such policies of a neoliberal nature are disseminated in Chile, before legitimation by the so-called Washington Consensus, promoted by international organizations based on programs of economic adjustment, reduction of state action and educational reforms, whose intention is to transfer education from the political field to the logic of the market. The changes made in Chile were conceived by Milton Friedman, one of the precursors of neoliberal thought, in this context Chile is recognized as a model of success among Latin American countries, including Brazil. It is possible to say that Chile was one of the laboratories used by International Organizations to increase the policies propagated by the World Bank. Although there is a questioning of the neoliberal agenda, neoliberal policies have always been in the context of implementation .