Deficiência de micronutrientes em pacientes obesos pré e pós cirurgia bariátrica – Revisão sistemática de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are currently important public health problems, being one of the five main risk factors for death from noncommunicable diseases in the world, and third in developing countries. The basic criterion for the diagnosis of the disease is given by the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI), despite the limitations. Bariatric surgery provides unprecedented weight loss and provides metabolic outcomes and improvements, most often expressive and permanent. However, it also causes a micronutrient deficiency. Thus, it is necessary to know precisely the deficiencies that occur as a function of the surgery to plan the supplementation of the substances in a precise form to the patients submitted to surgery and to prevent suffering from nutritional complications. Objective: To verify the impact of bariatric surgery on specific micronutrient deficiency in obese patients and to compare micronutrient deficiency studies in obese, pre and post bariatric surgery. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out, in which scientific articles were searched in the following electronic databases: US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library (BVS), Web of Science, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, International Journal of Obesity, and Nutrition Journal. These databases were selected due to their importance and relevance for clinical studies and coming from the field of health with international prestige. The collection was restricted to original articles published between 2004 and 2016 in Portuguese and English. Results and Conclusions: In general, studies comparing the nutritional measures of patients in a rational period before and after bariatric surgery have found values that are consistent with the pre-existing deficiency of some micronutrients. When corrective attempts were made, these deficiencies were usually partially eliminated with lifestyle changes, pointing to a cause of nutritional deficiency related to a poorly diversified diet over a prolonged period.