https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ufba/510 Sun, 03 May 2026 23:03:20 GMT 2026-05-03T23:03:20Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44324 Título: Comportamento de corte e padrão temporal de emissão de feromônio de moscas-dasfrutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae): implicações ecológicas e para o manejo integrado de pragas Autor(es): Almeida, Bianca Mendes de Primeiro Orientador: Bravo, Iara Sordi Joachim Abstract: Fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha are agricultural pests of great economic importance, especially in Brazil, which is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of fruits and other vegetables. Some species of this genus attack a wide variety of these commercially important crops, causing significant damage to production and directly impacting exports. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi are associated with fruit crops, while Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) causes direct and indirect damage to cucurbits. Therefore, using more sustainable and less environmentally aggressive control methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), is interesting to combat pests. SIT seeks to reduce populations of these flies through the inundative release of sterile males, which must be able to compete with wild males for females and be successful in mating. Therefore, understanding the sexual behavior of these species is essential for the application of SIT to be viable and effective. Males of this genus exhibit a complex behavioral repertoire that includes body movements, wing and sound signals, and the emission of sexual pheromones. These chemical, sound and visual signals play a fundamental role in attracting females and in mating success. Thus, considering the economic relevance of the insects studied and the fact that these species have a broad behavioral repertoire, the objectives of this study were: to describe and compare the courtship behavior and the temporal pattern of pheromone emission of males of three species of Anastrepha. The results showed significant differences in thebehavioral routines associated with mating success and in the temporal pattern of pheromone emission. Anastrepha fraterculus showed greater activity during the morning period, while A. grandis and A. sororcula were more active at night. Similarly, the three species shared the behavioral unit "Attempt" (AT) as an antecedent to mating (Mating — MT) and did not differ statistically in the duration of the behavioral units and in the length of the courtship. However, A. grandis presented 24 behavioral units, while A. fraterculus and A. sororcula presented 26 behavioral units. The results indicate behavioral differences that bring A. fraterculus and A. sororcula closer together, but distance these two from A. grandis. In relation to the temporal pattern of pheromone emission, the species have welldefined times in which it is possible to separate them from each other. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44324 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44320 Título: Sustentabilidade em um mundo sob falha metabólica Autor(es): Birrer, Caroline Gonçalves Primeiro Orientador: Dobrovolski, Ricardo Abstract: This study addresses global ecological crises through an integrative approach, focusing on two key aspects: human population and metabolic failure in agriculture. We explore the structural and sociometabolic roots of agricultural sustainability and argue that population control solutions, widely discussed in the literature, are insufficient and divert attention from the real causes of environmental problems. Global population growth is slowing, with fertility rates dropping significantly since 1990 and population stabilization projected for 2080. This undermines the notion that population size is the main driver of ecological degradation. Instead, we highlight the capitalist sociometabolic model as the true engine of environmental crises. This model, centered on unlimited economic growth and profit maximization, generates artificial consumption demands, overburdening ecosystems without necessarily improving human well-being. Moreover, we analyze metabolic failure in global agriculture, focusing on the disproportionate use of fertilizers relative to productivity gains. Data from 1961 to 2022 for six agricultural products in 211 countries show that increased agricultural productivity is increasingly reliant on chemical fertilizers, especially in countries of the so-called "Global South." This pattern leads to soil degradation, environmental contamination, and heightened socioeconomic inequalities, exacerbating risks to agricultural and global sustainability. We also emphasize the impact of disrupted natural nutrient cycles caused by the separation of rural and urban systems, which depletes agricultural soils and concentrates waste in cities, intensifying environmental and climate crises. In light of this, we propose solutions that transcend population control, focusing on systemic transformations. These solutions include transitioning to sustainable sociometabolic models, restoring natural nutrient flows between rural and urban areas, and adopting regenerative agricultural practices such as ecological intensification, which foster greater resilience and sustainability. In summary, this study challenges the traditional view that blames population growth for environmental crises and advocates a systemic approach to address them. By highlighting the detrimental effects of the capitalist sociometabolic model and metabolic failure in agriculture, we underscore the need for profound changes that integrate ecological balance, social justice, and agricultural sustainability. This transition requires a break from current paradigms and the adoption of solutions rooted in cooperation, equity, and respect for planetary boundaries. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese Fri, 24 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44320 2025-01-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44110 Título: Padrões morfológicos em famílias de anuros do bioma Caatinga: influência filogenética e ecológica Autor(es): Protázio, Airan dos Santos Primeiro Orientador: Napoli, Marcelo Felgueiras Abstract: Anurans exhibit a great morphological diversity, which is associated with different aspects of their lifestyle and locomotion. Previous studies indicate that the morphology of these organisms may reflect both adaptations to the environment, such as more rounded bodies and shorter limbs in regions of water stress, and more elongated forms with longer limbs in humid áreas, as well as evolutionary history, since phylogenetically closely related species tend to exhibit similar morphological traits. However, these patterns have not yet been systematically analyzed in the Caatinga biome. This study aims to investigate the relationship between anuran morphology and environmental factors in the Caatinga, assessing whether species’ body size and shape are influenced by ecology and the evolutionary history of the group. For this purpose, morphological data from 928 specimens belonging to 81 species, 29 genera, and 10 families of anurans inhabiting the biome were used in two complementary approaches: one at the intertaxonomic level, focusing on patterns of shape and size among families and genera, and the other exploring ecogeographic variation at the intraspecific level, considering species with broad distributions within the biome. The results reveal that, on a macroevolutionary scale, the morphological variation in Caatinga anurans is shaped by climatic and ecological factors, showing little divergence among closely related lineages, greater diversification in more speciose lineages, and convergence among distantly related lineages. Thermal seasonality and rainfall regimes influence body shape and size, favoring larger species in environments with greater thermal variation. On an intraspecific scale, there is a pattern of morphological variation among ecoregional populations, with body shape being the main axis of differentiation. The variations mainly involve cephalic and limb structures. These results reflect the ecological heterogeneity of the Caatinga and highlight morphology as a relevant attribute for understanding the evolutionary relationships of the group in the biome. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44110 2025-09-24T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44109 Título: Avaliação da morfogênese para a conservação ex situ de cactáceas micro endêmicas da Chapada Diamantina (BA) Autor(es): Souza, Isabela Primeiro Orientador: Schnadelbach, Alessandra Selbach Abstract: Cacti have great commercial relevance, with distribution nearly restricted to the Americas, and the elevated threats of extinction of species from this botanical family raise some concerns about their conservation. Ex situ conservation techniques can promote long-term viability of explants for propagation that serves both conservation and industrial purposes, however they demand a delicate balance of techniques and a deep study regarding the species' specific morphophysiological behavior. This dissertation aims to understand the morphophysiological behavior in the regeneration of different kinds of explants from Micranthocereus flaviflorus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J. Braun & Esteves and Micranthocereus alvinii (M. Machado & Hofacker) N.P. Taylor & M. Lowry. After inducing the material, callus portions of 0.01 cm², 0.04 cm², or 0.16 cm² of both species were submitted to culture in half-strength MS, 1.5% sucrose, and pH ranging from 5.6 to 5.8, supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of the auxins 2.4-D and NAA and the cytokinins BAP and KIN, and part of the samples were dry-weighted every 15 days for a total of 90 days. All tested callus sizes were able to regenerate. The highest mean was observed for treatments containing 5 μM 2.4-D with 5 μM KIN for M. alvinii and 5 μM 2.4-D with 10 μM BAP for M. flaviflorus. There was a significant increase in dry weight from day 75, which continued until day 90 for M. flaviflorus, unlike M. alvinii. Treatments containing 5 μM 2.4-D with 10 μM KIN for M. alvinii and 5 μM 2.4-D with 10 μM BAP for M. flaviflorus fit linear equations and may extend the growth phase beyond the 90 days tested. We also tested five different explants under suitable combinations of growth regulators to induce shoot or callus formation. For M. flaviflorus, a single areole was able to regenerate, producing either shoots or calluses, while for M. alvinii, although a single areole was able to produce calluses, the smallest explant capable of producing shoots was a quarter of a transversal section with one row of areoles. For the establishment of a cell suspension, 0.16 cm² portions were inoculated in test tubes or Erlenmeyer flasks subjected to a 16 h light/day cycle or complete darkness. In all treatments, we successfully obtained cell suspensions, and there was no interference from the container type or light exposure. This study contributes to the development of basic techniques for future application of cryopreservation practices in isolated cactus tissues, aiming to assist with the ex situ conservation of species in this botanical family. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação Wed, 18 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44109 2025-06-18T00:00:00Z