https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/2605 2026-04-17T09:00:32Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43443 Título: Desigualdade regional no mercado de trabalho do Brasil: indicadores recentes e potenciais efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 Autor(es): Silva, Diana Lúcia Gonzaga da Abstract: This chapter aims to present an analysis of the recent evolution of the main indicators of the Brazilian labor market, based on the behavior of its macro-regions, as well as the potential effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the regional inequalities observed in the country's labor market. The main databases used in the analysis will be the National Household Sample Survey – PNAD Contínua (IBGE) and the Annual Social Information Report – RAIS (Ministry of Economy – ME). However, results extracted from monthly information sources on the labor market will also be used, seeking to assess the initial evidence of the potential effects of the pandemic on the regional labor market. The analysis at the macro-regional level is justified by the size and heterogeneity of the Brazilian labor market, which highlights the difficulties involved in formulating nationally homogeneous public policies for the area of ​​work and income. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Conselho Regional de Economia da Bahia Tipo: Capítulo de Livro 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43414 Título: A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho: evidências para a Bahia e o Brasil no período de 2012-2022 Autor(es): Silva, Diana Lúcia Gonzaga da; Lombardi Filho, Stélio Coêlho; Serra Neto, Geraldo de Alencar Abstract: This study aims to contribute to the analysis of the women's labor market in Bahia, compared to Brazil, seeking to characterize the evolution of female participation in various dimensions of productive insertion, considering that women represent a group with a lower relative participation in the labor market and greater exposure to adverse economic shocks. In addition, the study is relevant to understanding the role of local economic dynamics in explaining the regional differences that can be observed in women's insertion in the labor market in the country. To this end, this study is organized into five sections, including this introduction. Section two presents a set of evidence available in empirical studies and reports from international organizations on gender inequalities and women's participation in the labor market. The third section describes the methodology of the study. Section four, in turn, presents the evolution and analysis of indicators of women's participation in the labor market in Bahia and Brazil. Finally, the fifth and last section describes the main conclusions drawn from the study. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Superintendência de Estudos Econômicos e Sociais da Bahia Tipo: Capítulo de Livro 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43411 Título: Gasto tributário no Brasil: evolução e hipóteses explicativas Autor(es): Rech, Lucas Trentin Abstract: In this work, in addition to presenting the evolution of tax expenditures – the correct term for dealing with tax exemptions2 –, which were classified into 12 distinct categories, we will seek to relate them to government spending, distributed in the same categories. However, before the quantitative exposition, this work will describe the paths that led to building a consensus regarding the inferiority of state efficiency compared to the market. This is because there was an important inflection in Brazilian economic policy starting in 2012. As Orair (2016) clearly demonstrates, it is in this year that the State reduces its spending on investments and places it in the hands of the private sector. It is not to say that the government reduces its fiscal spending, but rather that fiscal spending is redirected from direct state action to fiscal and credit subsidies. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Tipo: Capítulo de Livro 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43410 Título: A financeirização subsidiada: a consolidação do poder das finanças através dos recursos públicos Autor(es): Rech, Lucas Trentin; Couto, Leandro Freitas Abstract: This work relates the change in the budgetary governance regime to the restructuring of the tax burden in favor of credit, mainly through the exemption of income tax for certain asset classes. The evolution of these subsidies and their approximate costs are also presented in this chapter, which demonstrates that there is a duality present in the current Brazilian budgetary governance regime: on the one hand, the flexibility/permissiveness of tax expenditure, favoring social segments and economic sectors, to a large extent, already privileged in the distributive process, and on the other hand, the rigidity/sterilization of budgetary expenditure, to the detriment of social segments and economic sectors already penalized by the fiscal austerity policies in progress. This dual reality of the public budget – rigidity with budgetary expenditure x flexibility with tax spending – is most pronounced in two sectors addressed in this work: agribusiness and infrastructure. It is possible to observe that tax expenditures on agribusiness grew by 300% in the period 2010-2019, while those on infrastructure grew by something like 175%. On the other hand, primary expenditures in these areas moved in the opposite direction, with a reduction of approximately 40% in spending real with infrastructure and stability in spending on the agricultural sector during the same period. The rise in tax expenditures is, therefore, yet another hallmark of the current Brazilian budgetary governance regime. The existing loophole in the spending cap rule (Constitutional Amendment 95/2016) for this type of expenditure is one of the elements that encourages its growth. The increase in revenues, even when managed by a specific budgetary body or linked to a particular expenditure, does not mean an increase in the possibility of executing the expenditure by the public sector. Therefore, what we see is a total transfer of the decision-making process to the private sector, without a total transfer of the risks and costs involved in the execution of the projects. The financial sector then comes to play a central role in conducting investments. The deliberate weakening of the instruments and organizations linked to government planning, with repercussions on their links with the budget, helps to create this situation. If, when the decision to finance was public, national needs could be taken into account and projects in remote areas could be carried out, the trend since the transition of the decision-making process to the private sector is that projects are increasingly concentrated in already developed areas with high traffic, widening existing inequalities in the country. In this sense, financialization should be understood here from two perspectives: an increase in the cost of executing projects; a total transfer of the decision-making process to the private sector without an equivalent transfer of public costs and responsibilities. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Fórum Nacional Permanente de Carreiras Típicas de Estado Tipo: Capítulo de Livro 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z