https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/2335 2026-05-04T01:56:09Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44281 Título: ATITUDE CRÍTICA E PRÁTICAS DE LIBERDADE: AUFKLÄRUNG E PARRESIA EM MICHEL FOUCAULT Autor(es): Farias, Emerson Costa Primeiro Orientador: Aggio, Juliana Ortegosa Abstract: This dissertation investigates the relationship between the critical attitude and practices of freedom in the thought of Michel Foucault, with an emphasis on his problematization of contemporary forms of subjectivation. Drawing on the notion of Aufklärung, understood as a critical stance toward forms of government and power, and on parrhesia — conceived as an ethical-political practice of truth-telling — it analyzes how the subject may resist the excessive conduct of conduct within modern regimes of governmentality. In this context, the study examines the articulation between critical attitude, governmentality, and the liberal conception of freedom, highlighting critique as a mode of resistance. It further explores Foucault’s reflections on parrhesia in relation to the notions of care of the self and the government of self and others, as well as to the interpretation of ancient philosophy through the lens of parrhesiastic practice. Finally, by bringing together the meanings of Aufklärung and parrhesia, the dissertation seeks to understand the role of philosophy as a critical attitude and as a practice of interrogating the present. By sustaining this articulation, it argues that critique does not uncover an inner essence, but rather inaugurates an ongoing process of self-constitution, thereby contributing both to the deepening of debates on Foucault’s philosophy and to reflections on the possibilities for reinventing modes of existence in the contemporary world. Editora / Evento / Instituição: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-20T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43346 Título: O personalismo de Emmanuel Mounier: uma filosofia de ação em resposta a um período de crise humanitária Autor(es): Suzart, Gabriel Sousa Primeiro Orientador: Pereira, Leonardo Jorge da Hora Abstract: This dissertation examines the thought of Emmanuel Mounier, focusing on the emergence of personalism as a philosophical response to European nihilism, which was marked by the humanitarian and moral crises that dominated the first five decades of the 20th century. This period—characterized by world wars, economic crises, and technological advancements—contributed, according to Mounier, to the degradation of human dignity. Based on this, the study seeks to understand how Mounier and his personalism position themselves in the face of this decline, proposing a renewal of human and communal relations centered on the person and their dignity. Aiming to highlight the uniqueness of personalism in comparison to other schools of thought of the time, the research also seeks to show how Mounier criticized nihilism and its consequences, such as police states, wars, and spiritual alienation, developing personalism as an active alternative to confront these crises. Thus, the overall goal of this research is to examine the humanitarian fragility identified by Mounier at the beginning of the 20th century—a period already influenced by conflicts and transformations since the previous century. Personalism is presented as a philosophical response to these crises, offering an alternative in the face of the challenges of the era. Furthermore, the research will explore the philosophical structure of personalism, encompassing its anthropology and political philosophy. The study has three specific objectives: (i) to analyze the historical context of the early 20th-century crises and their impact on human relations from Mounier's perspective; (ii) to investigate how personalism can restore human dignity and promote communal coexistence; and (iii) to explore the influences and distinctiveness of Mounier’s personalism, culminating in the proposal developed throughout its formulation. Finally, the methodology adopted is bibliographical and exploratory, with critical analysis of the works of Mounier and other thinkers, contextualizing the development of their ideas amidst the sociopolitical and humanitarian crises of the 20th century. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação 2025-09-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42777 Título: Eros e Dionísio: o problema da vontade em Freud e Nietzsche Autor(es): Pêpe, Pedro Teixeira de Castro Primeiro Orientador: Itaparica, André Luís Mota Abstract: The present work aims to investigate the notion of will and its foundations in the theories of Freud and Nietzsche, focusing more specifically on what these authors identify as the foundations of human will, that is, the tendencies that drive the subject to action and guide their psychodynamics. In doing so, we propose a comparative analysis between their respective theories of the Trieb: the doctrine of the will to power and the theory of drives. To this end, we used both the authors’ own writings on the respective topics and those of some of their commentators, as well as the existing literature on the possible relationships between these theories. As a result, we found in the literature a range of opinions regarding the relationship between Freud’s theory and Nietzsche’s theory: some categorically deny the plausibility of considering their ideas as compatible or sympathetic to one another, while others affirm a very significant convergence between them. From our own reading of both authors’ texts, we conclude that the convergence between their theories of Trieb appears to be significant, aligning with the latter group of theorists and disagreeing with the former. We then seek to justify this assertion based on textual evidence that supports this interpretation. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação 2025-06-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42731 Título: O declínio do espólio: razão, sofrimento e moralidade em Arthur Schopenhauer e Fiódor Dostoiévski Autor(es): Calou, Ângela Lima Primeiro Orientador: Saes, Sílvia Faustino de Assis Abstract: The present work is determined as a dialogue between philosophy and literature through the articulation of the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) and the mature work of Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881), with a view to exploring the visible relations from which it’s possible to support the thesis that the philosophy of one and the literature of the other illuminate each other mutually and even present an aspect of complementarity. In this attempt to interpret the extent to which the Dostoyevskian literary world is expressed in Schopenhauerian terms, the notions of reason, suffering and morality are placed in a central position. In concept and image, the ideal of a teleological history is doubly refused, bringing rationality back to the encounter with finitude. It’s the return to the problem of suffering, which doesn’t concern a stage to be overcome dialectically by the political and moral progress of humanity, but the constitutive dimension of the human being. It means to appreciate him according to his abysses: in the irrationality of his will, in the evil positively established by his colossal selfishness inscribed in the heart of a muted nature; but, also in the miracle of goodness which constitutes itself as moral action, founded on the feeling of compassion to express the intuition of the gratuitousness of universal pain. I propose the interpretation that these authors make up a dialogic field that represents a response to the ethical-existential problems arising from the optimism of rationalism and scientific positivism at that time. It isn’t, therefore, purported to affirm a relationship of influence, whose presupposition is the existence of a philosopher Dostoyevsky who makes his literature the instrument of realization of a hidden philosophy indebted to Schopenhauer’s work. Or that it is intended to be, before, signal that the images produced by the mature prose of the Muscovite writer lead to conceptually elaborated contents by the author of The World as Will and Representation, illuminating them not by a simple and remarkable coincidence, but by the fact that both take of a same malaise. Editora / Evento / Instituição: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Tipo: Tese 2024-11-22T00:00:00Z