https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/1313 2026-05-17T06:05:46Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44324 Título: Comportamento de corte e padrão temporal de emissão de feromônio de moscas-dasfrutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae): implicações ecológicas e para o manejo integrado de pragas Autor(es): Almeida, Bianca Mendes de Primeiro Orientador: Bravo, Iara Sordi Joachim Abstract: Fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha are agricultural pests of great economic importance, especially in Brazil, which is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of fruits and other vegetables. Some species of this genus attack a wide variety of these commercially important crops, causing significant damage to production and directly impacting exports. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi are associated with fruit crops, while Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) causes direct and indirect damage to cucurbits. Therefore, using more sustainable and less environmentally aggressive control methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), is interesting to combat pests. SIT seeks to reduce populations of these flies through the inundative release of sterile males, which must be able to compete with wild males for females and be successful in mating. Therefore, understanding the sexual behavior of these species is essential for the application of SIT to be viable and effective. Males of this genus exhibit a complex behavioral repertoire that includes body movements, wing and sound signals, and the emission of sexual pheromones. These chemical, sound and visual signals play a fundamental role in attracting females and in mating success. Thus, considering the economic relevance of the insects studied and the fact that these species have a broad behavioral repertoire, the objectives of this study were: to describe and compare the courtship behavior and the temporal pattern of pheromone emission of males of three species of Anastrepha. The results showed significant differences in thebehavioral routines associated with mating success and in the temporal pattern of pheromone emission. Anastrepha fraterculus showed greater activity during the morning period, while A. grandis and A. sororcula were more active at night. Similarly, the three species shared the behavioral unit "Attempt" (AT) as an antecedent to mating (Mating — MT) and did not differ statistically in the duration of the behavioral units and in the length of the courtship. However, A. grandis presented 24 behavioral units, while A. fraterculus and A. sororcula presented 26 behavioral units. The results indicate behavioral differences that bring A. fraterculus and A. sororcula closer together, but distance these two from A. grandis. In relation to the temporal pattern of pheromone emission, the species have welldefined times in which it is possible to separate them from each other. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44021 Título: Variação temporal na ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina e suas zonas de amortecimento Autor(es): Macêdo, Iara Silva de Primeiro Orientador: Dodonov, Pavel Abstract: The occurrence of high-frequency fires can be highly damaging to ecosystems, even those that require fire for their maintenance. This high frequency can alter the landscape, making it more open, and change the phytophysiognomies, leading to greater dominance of grasses. The Chapada Diamantina National Park (PNCD) is among the Federal Conservation Units with the highest number of fire outbreaks in Brazil. This research proposes a temporal analysis of fire outbreaks within the PNCD and its buffer zones, the municipalities that are part of the park, over the last 26 years. The information regarding fire outbreaks, used for this analysis, was extracted from the INPE database. It was thus possible to verify that the years with the most fire outbreaks were 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2021, with 2008 and 2015 standing out as the only years with more outbreaks within the PNCD than in its surrounding buffer zones. The highest numbers of outbreaks are concentrated in the municipalities of Mucugê, Andaraí, and Lençóis, with the most fire outbreaks occurring in the months of September, October, and November, both within and outside the PNCD. Over the past 26 years, a total of 28,835 fire outbreaks were quantified in the entire PNCD and the municipalities that are part of its buffer zone. Of this total, 7,513 outbreaks were within the PNCD, and 21,322 outbreaks were outside the park, in the buffer zones. During the period of temporal analysis, phenomena like El Niño occurred, but there was no statistically significant relationship between the intensity of the El Niño phenomenon and the number of fire outbreaks. The average density of outbreaks was higher within the PNCD, with a statistically significant mean difference. However, the median density of outbreaks was higher outside the park, indicating that while the total number of outbreaks may be higher outside the park, the intensity within the park is significant. The areas around the PNCD play a crucial role in protecting the park, with most fire outbreaks occurring in these zones, making it essential to include these areas in the park's management plan. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43451 Título: Diversidade de macrófitas e caracterização isotópica de sedimentos em áreas úmidas no Litoral Norte da Bahia, Brasil Autor(es): Sarpa, Jéssica da Silva Primeiro Orientador: Gomes, Doriedson Ferreira Abstract: The wetlands of the northern coast of the state of Bahia are fundamental ecosystems for biodiversity, carbon storage and regulation of the hydrological cycle of a region. However, these environments have been impacted by urban growth, uncontrolled tourism and climate change. The study aimed to analyze the biodiversity and characteristics of these areas, focusing on aquatic macrophytes and paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on sediment analysis. The research was carried out in three different locations: Busca-Vida, Guarajuba and Conde. Samples of macrophyte distribution and composition were taken using plots (1 X 1m) and some specimens were collected for analysis in herbaria for taxonomic identification at the species or genus level. Statistical methods were used to evaluate species distribution patterns. In addition, sediment cores were collected in Conde and analyzed using carbon-14 and elemental analysis for environmental reconstruction and identification of changes in vegetation over time. A total of 28 species of macrophytes were identified, distributed in 17 families. The environments presented different patterns of biodiversity, with Busca-Vida and Guarajuba showing greater species richness, while Conde, less impacted by urbanization, revealed distinct communities. The presence of certain species may indicate environmental impacts, such as eutrophication. The diversity patterns of macrophytes were analyzed from the perspective of metacommunities and this analysis revealed that biodiversity is influenced by local environmental factors and the dispersion of species. The best preserved sites presented greater stability in the composition of plant communities, while impacted areas showed greater variation in the structure of the vegetation. Based on the findings of the isotopic and carbon-14 analysis of the sediments, changes in the vegetation over the last few thousand years were revealed, demonstrating how the environment has undergone natural and anthropogenic changes. The research indicated that the increase in human occupation has accelerated the degradation of these wetlands. The study concludes that the wetlands of the North Coast of Bahia have great ecological diversity, but are facing increasing threats. The conservation of these ecosystems is essential to maintain their environmental services and ensure the ecological balance of the region. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia - Instituto de Biologia Tipo: Dissertação 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43122 Título: Através do Tempo: avaliando o padrão de decomposição foliar em um riacho de Mata Atlântica. Autor(es): Almeida Júnior, Edson Serafim de Primeiro Orientador: Medeiros, Adriana Oliveira Abstract: Organic matter decomposition is a fundamental ecological process for carbon and nutrient cycling in headwater streams, especially in tropical ecosystems where allochthonous leaf litter is the primary energy source sustaining the aquatic food web. However, understanding the dynamics of this process at broader temporal scales, particularly in tropical regions characterized by high environmental and biological heterogeneity, remains limited due to the scarcity of long-term data. This study investigated the influence of temporal variation and multiple environmental factors on the decomposer community and the process of organic matter decomposition in a headwater stream of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest over five years. The research was structured into two main chapters. Chapter 1 evaluated the structure of aquatic hyphomycete fungal communities, whose main ecological role is leaf conditioning and nutrient mineralization during decomposition. The results revealed that interannual variation had a stronger influence on hyphomycete community structure than intra-annual variation. The main environmental drivers shaping this community were water chemistry and leaf litter quality. This pattern contrasts with the initial hypothesis, which predicted a stronger influence of intra-annual variation, and instead indicates notable seasonal stability and the predominance of long-term environmental shifts. Chapter 2 investigated the direct and indirect relationships between temporal and environmental factors, the structure of the decomposer community, and organic matter decomposition using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The model showed that timescale and the composition of dissolved nutrients in the water were the main drivers of decomposer community structure. Interestingly, decomposition was not directly explained by any of the variables included in the model, suggesting the presence of functional redundancy and ecological resilience in the decomposition process. In conclusion, this thesis advances our understanding of how temporal variability and the complex interactions among environmental and biological factors shape decomposition in tropical streams. The findings highlight the importance of long-term approaches for uncovering ecological processes in dynamic ecosystems and provide valuable insights for the conservation and management of headwater stream integrity under climate change pressures. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z