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Distribuição espacial da leishmaniose humana e canina em Itaberaba-BA (2018 a 2020): vulnerabilidades e estratégias de controle

2026-03-30T14:45:13Z

Título: Distribuição espacial da leishmaniose humana e canina em Itaberaba-BA (2018 a 2020): vulnerabilidades e estratégias de controle Autor(es): Nobre, Deiseane de Jesus Primeiro Orientador: Solcà, Manuela da Silva Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic zoonosis of high public health importance in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the occurrence and spatial distribution of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) cases in the municipality of Itaberaba, Bahia, between 2018 and 2020. Epidemiological data were obtained from the local epidemiological surveillance system and subjected to spatial analysis using QGIS software, employing Kernel density estimation and cluster identification through SaTScan software. During the study period, 773 dogs were included in the analyses, of which 8.8% tested positive for CanL, with annual variation ranging from 5.6% (2018) to 13% (2019). Spatial analysis indicated the presence of risk clusters in peripheral areas characterized by poor sanitation and high social vulnerability. Although human cases were sporadic, they were concentrated among young individuals and showed a similar distribution between urban and rural areas. No spatial overlap was observed between canine and human cases; however, canine cases were located near human cases. The main limitations identified included incomplete data recording, losses in confirmatory diagnosis (ELISA), limited surveillance actions in rural areas, and delays in laboratory workflows. The findings reinforce the importance of integrated and territorially focused surveillance strategies, including the systematic use of geoprocessing tools, strengthening field actions, and community awareness, aiming to reduce transmission and improve institutional response to VL. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Olho seco em cães: estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico de 2.330 casos

2026-01-28T14:30:43Z

Título: Olho seco em cães: estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico de 2.330 casos Autor(es): Abuquerque Neta, Eunice Queiroz de Primeiro Orientador: Oriá, Arianne Pontes Abstract: Dry eye syndrome, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a common dysfunction of the tear film in dogs, and its characterization through multicentric and retrospective studies is essential for epidemiological understanding. This research aimed to characterize, through a multicenter cross-sectional study, dogs diagnosed with dry eye and examined by veterinarians certified by the Brazilian College of Veterinary Ophthalmology (CBOV) in different federative units of Brazil. Between 2016 and 2023, 14,375 medical records were evaluated, and 2,330 dogs were included for presenting a Schirmer tear test result < 15 mm/min. A similar proportion of the evaluated records originated from university hospitals (46.44%) and private practices (53.56%). Breed, sex, age, prescribed treatments, and associations among variables were analyzed. The highest incidences were observed in 2023 and 2017. Dry eye was most prevalent in Shih Tzus (32.5%), followed by mixedbreed adult and senior dogs (12.3%), Lhasa Apsos (9.1%), Yorkshire Terriers (7.3%), Poodles (6.1%), and Pugs (5.1%). Shih Tzus were three times more likely to develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca compared with mixed-breed dogs. There was no sex predisposition (P = 0.6301), and the mean age of affected dogs was 8.06 ± 4.04 years, except in one university hospital in the Northeast region, where the mean was 6.5 years (P < 0.001). The most frequently prescribed treatments were cyclosporine (50.3%), tacrolimus (39.4%), and ocular lubricants (5.1%), with a statistically significant difference among them (P < 0.0001). Despite Brazil’s vast territory and the diverse environmental conditions across its federative units, the multicenter study methodology revealed a consistent profile of dogs affected by dry eye: Shih Tzus of both sexes, primarily adults and seniors, predominantly treated with immunomodulators. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Efetividade da análise ultrassonográfica das articulações na leishmaniose canina naturalmente adquirida

2025-10-31T16:11:51Z

Título: Efetividade da análise ultrassonográfica das articulações na leishmaniose canina naturalmente adquirida Autor(es): Oliveira, Priscila Vasconcelos Primeiro Orientador: Melo, Stella Maria Barrouin Abstract: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a chronic zoonotic parasitic disease with multisystemic involvement. The osteoarticular lesions described in CanL have been attributed to immune complex–mediated disease associated with inflammation of the synovial membrane microvasculature and/or the presence of the parasite within the synovium. The aim of this study was to establish and describe the findings identified through joint ultrasonography (USG) in dogs naturally infected with L. infantum, in order to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of this technique in the clinical characterization of dogs with CanL. A total of 43 L. infantum PCR-positive dogs, examined between February 2023 and January 2025 at the Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Outpatient Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital at UFBA, were included. The dogs underwent general clinical examination, locomotor physical assessment, laboratory tests, and imaging by radiography and/or USG. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the tarsal joints of all dogs, while other joints were evaluated by USG when alterations were identified during the locomotor physical exam. The dogs were divided into two groups: G1 (n=23), composed of dogs assessed only by USG, and G2 (n=20), composed of dogs evaluated by both USG and radiography. Most dogs were females (51.2%), adults (67.4%), and purebred (65.1%). Articular lesions were identified by ultrasonography in 86% (37/43) of the evaluated dogs, with osteophytes (83.8%), joint effusion (64.9%), and capsular thickening (56.7%) being the most frequent findings. Among dogs with articular alterations detected by ultrasonography, 29.7% (11/37) did not show clinical orthopedic abnormalities. Radiography detected tarsal joint lesions in 40% (8/20) of the dogs evaluated. Considering the physical examination as the reference, ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 89.7% in identifying articular changes, whereas radiography showed a sensitivity of 66.7%. Overall, 88.4% (38/43) of the dogs with CanL presented articular alterations detectable by imaging methods, consistent with degenerative processes, even in the absence of clinical locomotor signs. We conclude that ultrasonography demonstrated superiority over radiography in detecting joint alterations in dogs with CanL, including cases of subclinical arthropathy. These findings support the recommendation of joint ultrasonography as a first-line tool in the early diagnosis of osteoarticular lesions associated with L. infantum infection. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Carcinoma inflamatório de mama em mulheres e cadelas: análise comparativa e perspectivas terapêuticas

2025-10-31T15:55:43Z

Título: Carcinoma inflamatório de mama em mulheres e cadelas: análise comparativa e perspectivas terapêuticas Autor(es): Souza, Rafaela Cabral de Primeiro Orientador: Lima, Alessandra Estrela da Silva Abstract: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is a clinic-pathological presentation of breast cancer characterized by rapid progression, aggressiveness, and poor prognosis, affecting both women and female dogs. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis and management of IMC in humans, and the recognition of female dogs as a model for comparative and translational studies in mammary oncology, research in veterinary medicine remains limited. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of IMC in women and female dogs, employing a rigorous methodology based on the PRISMA protocol, aiming to compare clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and therapeutic approaches, as well as identify critical gaps in current knowledge. The Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases were used, identifying 1,299 records, of which 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Analyses included keyword maps, concepts, and citations, using VOSviewer software to visualize the interrelationships between the searched terms. Results showed that most studies on IMC in female dogs were retrospective and observational, with little experimental evidence, likely due to the aggressive nature of the disease. Comparing human and veterinary studies, a predominance of terms related to human IMC was observed, such as "inflammatory breast cancer" and "survival". In contrast, specific terms from canine oncology, such as "canine mammary tumors", appeared isolated, highlighting the lack of interconnection between the two areas. The most common clinical manifestations in women and female dogs included edema, erythema, and the "peau d'orange" appearance. However, studies in veterinary medicine indicated a greater diversity of histological types associated with IMC, suggesting additional complexity in the pathogenesis of the disease in female dogs. Differences in molecular markers were identified, with HER-2, ER, and PR being widely used in humans but still little explored in female dogs. The review highlighted the scarcity of comparative studies of IMC in humans and dogs. This study also examined treatment options for IMC in women and dogs. In humans, multimodal therapy has been used in most studies in women. In dogs, the therapeutic options evaluated were limited, usually involving palliative care and, in some situations, chemotherapy. The relevance of canine models for translational cancer research has grown, but there is still a significant gap to be filled, especially in the 9 validation of biomarkers and specific therapies. Advances in veterinary oncology research, especially in prospective studies and controlled clinical trials, are necessary to elucidate shared molecular mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets. This comparative approach has the potential to revolutionize the management of IMC in both species, significantly improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação