Polarized light (λ400-2000 nm) on third-degree burns in diabetic rats: Immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate with light microscopy the healing process of third-degree burns on diabetic rats treated with polarized light (λ400–2000 nm, 20 or 40 J/cm2/session, 40 mW/cm2, 2.4 J/cm2/min, 5.5-cm beam diameter). Background: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus causes severe disruption of the body's metabolism, including healing. Polarized light sources have been shown to be effective in improving healing in many situations. Animals and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in 45 male Wistar albino rats, and a third-degree burn (1.5 by 1.5 cm) was created on the dorsum of each animal under general anesthesia. The animals were randomly distributed into three groups: control, 20 J/cm2, and 40 J/cm2. Each group was then divided into three subgroups based on time of death (7, 14, 21 d). Phototherapy (20 or 40 J/cm2 per session) was carried out immediately after the burning and repeated daily until the day before death. Following animal death, specimens were removed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Sirius Red or immunomarked with CK AE1/AE3 antibody. Qualitative and semiquantitative analyses were performed under light microscopy. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The animals treated with 20 J/cm2 showed significant differences with regard to revascularization and re-epithelialization. Although the 40 J/cm2 group showed stimulation of fibroblastic proliferation as an isolated feature, no other difference from the control was observed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of polarized light at 20 J/cm2 effectively improves the healing of third-degree burns on diabetic animals at both early and late stages of repair.