Efeito de dentifrícios branqueadores contendo carvão ativado no esmalte dentário bovino

Abstract

Introduction: Dentifrices containing distinct agents like abrasives, peroxides, optical agents and activated charcoal for removing extrinsic stains have been used to promote tooth whitening. Activated charcoal has high porosity and large surface area, which gives this material adsorption capacity, so activated charcoal binds to the tooth surface deposits and retain them in the tooth pores, which are removed during brushing. Despite current activated charcoal-containing dentifrices popularity, their effectiveness in changing tooth color is still unproved, as well as their effectiveness on tooth structure during brushing, mostly when they are used in long term. Objective: Review the literature on the use of activated charcoal in Dentistry and evaluate in vitro the effect of simulated brushing with whitening dentifrices containing activated charcoal on bovine dental enamel. Materials and Methods: In vitro study performed with 70 test specimens divided into 7 groups (n=10): 1 control group (CG- Colgate® Total 12 Clean Mint) and 6 test groups (TG1- Colgate® Natural Extracts Activated charcoal and mint; TG2 - Colgate® Luminous White Activated charcoal; TG3- Oral-B® 3D White Whitening Therapy Purification Charcoal; TG4- Oral-B® Natural Essence Sodium bicarbonate & Charcoal; TG5- Suavetex ® Natural Activated charcoal; TG6- Curaprox® Black is White). Test specimens were submitted to simulated brushing for 6 and 12 months, of which mass, roughness and parameters of CIELAB system, color variation (∆E) and WID index were calculated before and after brushing. Data were analyzed through generalized linear models using R program and considering significance level of 5%. Results: In relation to mass, there was no significant difference among groups. Roughness analysis in relation to time showed no statistically significant difference among groups after 6 months of brushing, however TG1 and TG3 showed significantly less roughness in relation to the initial time (p<0.05) after 12 months of simulated brushing. Comparison among groups showed less roughness in TG2, TG3 and TG4 after 6 months of brushing, which differ statistically from control group, but in TG6 higher roughness was observed (p<0,05). After 12 months, TG1, TG2 and TG3 showed less roughness when compared to the CG (p<0.05). Color evaluation in relation to L*, a* e b* parameters and WID index showed no statistical differences between control group and test groups after 6 and 12 months of simulated brushing. After 12 months of brushing, ∆E was significantly higher for TG4 and significantly less for TG1. Conclusion: Activated charcoal-containing dentifrices did not promote loss of mass nor roughness increase in bovine dental enamel surface after 6 and 12 months of simulated brushing. Whitening effect was similar to conventional dentifrices.