O discurso científico em análise: formações imaginária s e neutralidade científica

Abstract

The Analysis of the Materialistic Orientation Discourse, with the main representative of the philosopher Michel Pêcheux, brought important contributions to the studies of language, especially with regard to issues related to meaning. Appropriating reinterpretations of important theorists, Discourse Analysis with a Materialistic orientation managed to bring a new perspective to language studies. It was based on this theoretical assumption that we carried out, in this work, the analysis of the formation of the image of the scientist and of science in three historical periods. For this, we selected three corpora, one from each period: from the Middle Ages, Summa Theological, by Tomás de Aquino; the Modern Age, Discourse on Method, by René Descartes and the Contemporary Age, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, by Thomas Kuhn. Each corpus was analyzed individually, seeking, from the discursive materiality, to identify the sustained image of the subject and science. This verification was important so that we could observe the functioning of the scientific discourse and, thus, relate it to their respective Social, Ideological and Discursive Formations. This gave us support so that, at the end of the work, we made a cross between the data and, from that, we problematized the question of the neutrality and objectivity of science. From the analysis, we observed that, in all corpora, the scientific discourse was in line with the hegemonic ideologies of the period in which they were produced. This showed us that scientific discourse, like all others, is not alien to its Conditions of Production, therefore, it is not without ideological influences.